Tekstil u praistoriji na tlu Srbije

Abstract

U radu Tekstil u praistoriji na tlu Srbije istraženi su arheološki dokazi proizvodnje tekstila u praistoriji od ranog neolita do gvozdenog doba. Obuhva eno je više od 160 naselja sa razli itim predmetima koji mogu da se povežu sa nekim oblikom izrade ili upotrebe tekstila. Ozna eni su kao potencijalni alat u proizvodnji tekstila. Nalazi su iz naselja star eva ke i vin anske kulture, preko eneolitskih kultura bakarnog doba, bronzanodobnih nalaza, do pojave gvož a na tlu Srbije. Akcenat je dat na tehnološke mogu nosti, odnosno na istraživanje predmeta specijalizovanih za proizvodnju i preradu tekstila. Utvr ene su procedure istraživanja i metodologija analize arheoloških predmeta i otisaka strukutra. Tegovi za tkanje i pršljenci su tipološki opredeljeni u klase po morfologiji i ispitana su radna ošteć enja. Izvori informacija su arheološka dokumentacija i predmeti od razli itih materijala, osnovano vezani za proizvodnju, preradu, doradu i oblikovanje tekstila. Ispitani su predmeti koštane industrije: igle, noževi za tkanje, plo ice sa perforacijama. Kerami ki oblici su: tegovi, pršljenci, kalemi, sudovi sa otiscima tekstilnih struktura na dnu ili recipijentu. Antropomorfne figurine pominjane u radu su ispitane po mogu nosti upotrebe tekstila u odevanju. Posebno su ispitani kontekstualni dokazi postojanja razboja sa tegovima u ku ama vin anske kulture. Grupe tegova prona ene u ku ama iz naselja Vin a Belo brdo, Obrež Baštine, Gomolava, Crkvine Mali Borak analizirane su po mogu nosti upotrebe na razboju. Utvr ena je nedvosmislena veza tegova i razboja, izvršena rekonstrukcija potencijalnog položaja u sklopu razboja i istraženo rasejanje tegova pri padu na pod. Otisci struktura prepleta na dnu sudova pokazali su izvesnu homogenost. Skoro svi su tip pletarske strukture, izra ene od neprera ene sirove biljke dvostrukim uvratnjem potke preko pasivne osnove, delovi manjih predmeta izra enih rukom. Visok stepen korelacije izme u kulture i sredstava za proizvodnju tekstilnih površine ogleda se u pojavi odre enih tipova alata u korpusu arheoloških predmeta, izrazitoj eksploataciji i nestajanju u novim kulturama.

In the dissertation Prehistoric Textile in Serbia we have researched archeological evidence related to textile production in the prehistoric period from the early Neolithic to the Iron Age. In this study, more than 160 settlements have been encompassed where diverse artifacts had been found which could be linked to some form of textile making or its usage. These artifacts have been designated as potential tools in the production of textile. The findings belong to settlements from the Starcevo and Vin a cultures, ranging from Eneolithic cultures of the Copper Age, across various Bronze Age findings, to the appearance of the Iron Age on Serbian soil. Accent has been given to the possibility of the existence of textile producing technology, i.e., research has been conducted related to artifacts that were specialized for the production and processing of textile. We have determined the research procedures and the methodology for analysis of the archeological artifact and imprinted structures. Loom weights and spindle whorls have been classified, typologically, according to their morphology and we have examined the wear and tear of these artifacts in the production process itself. Our sources of information were derived from relevant archeological documentation as well as artifacts made of different materials, but which are credibly linked to production, processing, finishing work and shaping of textile. In our research, we have examined artifacts that belong to bone industries: needles, weaving knives, and small tile-plates with perforations. The ceramic implements are weights, spindle whorls, spools, vessels with remains of imprinted textile patterns and structures on the bottom of the vessels. The anthropomorphic figurines mentioned in the study have been examined according to the likely usage of textiles for the purpose of clothing. We have, especially, examined and researched the contextual evidence related to the existence of looms with weights in the dwellings belonging to the Vin a culture. Groups of weights that have been found in the houses and dwellings located in the settlements of Vin a Belo Brdo, Obrež Bastina, Gomolava, and Crkvine Mali Borak have been analyzed according to the likelihood of loom usage. An unequivocal connection has been determined related to the weights and looms, and we have performed reconstructions of their potential positions within and on the looms and have explored their displacement positions resulting from their falling to the floor. The accidentally imprinted patterns of woven structures on the outside bottom of the found vessels have shown certain homogeneity. Almost all of them are of the inter-twined type pattern structure made of unprocessed raw plants by means of the double inter-twining of the weft over the passive warp, parts of smaller hand-made objects. A high degree of correlation between the culture and means of production of textile surfaces is reflected in the reappearance of certain types of tools in the corpus of archeological artifacts, evidence of their considerable exploitation and their disappearance in the later, succeeding cultures.